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A cross-functional team is a group of people with different functional expertise, working towards a common goal. It may include people from operations, engineering, quality and human resources departments. Generally, employees from all levels of an organization are included. Some members may come from outside the organization to add experience, expertise or a neutral unbiased view.
Cross-functional teams often function as self-directed teams assigned to a specific task which calls for the input and expertise of numerous departments. Reference: Wikipedia - Cross-functional team. The control chart is a graphical comparison of process performance that is used to study how a process might vary over time. The control chart usually will include predetermined control limits which are shown as the UCL (upper control limit) and the LCL (lower control limit). The control chart also shows a "mean" or average line which is based on historical data. The control charts primary purpose is to show a comparison of the current data to the historical data that is plotted on the chart. Doing this helps the user see whether the variation in a process is consistent (controlled) or the process has random variation (out of control, also referred to as special causes of variation).
When should you use a control chart?
Using a Control Chart: 1. Select the appropriate control chart: variables - X chart, R Chart, σ chart Attributes - p chart, np chart, c chart. 2. Establish the time period that you will be collecting data for. 3. Collect data 4. Analyze data looking for "out of control" signals. 5. Work to find the root cause of any "out of control" signals. Concurrent engineering is a concept which refers to the simultaneous engineering or participation of all functional departments in the product or service development and design. This activity normally includes suppliers and customers in the design process too. Concurrent engineering decreases the amount of time it takes to develop products and services and reinforces the importance of crossfunctional design. Concurrent engineering also ensures that the final design does in fact meet the needs of stakeholders, customers and helps to minimize costs while maximizing the quality.
For more information check out these books: The control phase is the final stage of the DMAIC methodology. It ensures that the improvements made continue to work and meet the requirements of the customer. The control phase all documents are finalized and monitoring plans are put into place along with response plans in order to ensure that everyone knows what to do if a process falls out of control.
The cost of poor quality are the costs associated with providing poor quality products or services either internally or externally. There are four categories that costs can be placed in: Internal Failure costs, External Failure Costs, Appraisal Costs and Prevention Costs. Read more in our recent post on The Cost of Poor Quality.
Understanding the cost of poor quality: The iceberg is a great representation to use when understanding the cost of poor quality. The visible portion of the iceberg is often depicted as the visible costs associated with poor quality, such as:
Discussion Opportunities (Comment Below Please) The change control process is a sequence of steps which are used to control changes within an organization.
Example of Change Control Process:
Recommended Reading: Critical to Quality or CTQ are the measurable characteristics that have to be met in order to satisfy and meet your customer's specifications and requirements. The CTQ measurements can be based on both internal and external customer definitions. The CTQ measures are often mapped on a CTQ tree.
The C&E, XY, Cause and Effect matrix can be used to evaluate the correlation or impact that inputs have on outputs. The tool is most often used to prioritize possible improvements in a project. To learn more about the C&E or XY matrix visit our article entitled The C&E/XY matrix.
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April 2024
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